感應穩壓器不穩壓原因分析

現在的我們，人人會用電腦，不管工作還是玩游戲，都離不開，有人說21世紀的人必須具備電腦知識，那么電腦穩壓器不穩壓是為什么呢？下面感應調壓器廠的(de)專家為大家講一下：

      １．電(dian)壓(ya)偏高需要降壓(ya)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸(shu)出穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)精度設定為(wei)± ４％，當輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)剛(gang)好等(deng)(deng)于(yu)２２０Ｖ時，調(diao)整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器ＲＰ使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)器Ａ１．２的(de)反(fan)相輸(shu)入(ru)端{6}腳(jiao)所接(jie)(jie)的(de)基準 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與其同(tong)相輸(shu)入(ru)端{5}腳(jiao)連接(jie)(jie)的(de)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也(ye)剛(gang)好相等(deng)(deng)，這樣輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)若有升(sheng)高(gao)（可能(neng)因為(wei)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)，或負 載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小(xiao)），取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也(ye)相應(ying)升(sheng)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較(jiao)器Ａ１．２的(de)輸(shu)出端{7}腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位就必然為(wei)高(gao)，三(san)極(ji)管Ｑ１導通， 繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器Ｊ１吸合，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機Ｍ得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉動(dong)，拖動(dong)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)碳刷滑動(dong)，直至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)回落到(dao)２２０Ｖ 為(wei)止(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞組的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路是(shi)：ＤＣ１２Ｖ→Ｊ１常開接(jie)(jie)點(dian)→限位開關ＸＫ１→電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機Ｍ→ＸＫ２→Ｊ２常閉 接(jie)(jie)點(dian)→地。　

　　 ２．過壓(ya)保護電路。

由(you)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)Ａ１．１及外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組成(cheng)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓 偏高(gao)較(jiao)多，經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機拖動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)碳(tan)刷調整(zheng)到極(ji)限位(wei)(wei)置（這時因限位(wei)(wei)開關ＸＫ１動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機停止轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)），輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓仍然(ran) 達(da)到或超過２２０Ｖ的(de)(de)１．１倍時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ａ１．１的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan){1}腳變為高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)，經(jing)二極(ji)管(guan)Ｄ１使(shi)三極(ji)管(guan)Ｑ ５導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ｃ７迅速放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ａ２輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan){1}腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)低，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)Ｊ３釋(shi)放，切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦穩壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 壓輸(shu)出(chu)，保護了用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備。過壓保護后發光(guang)管(guan)ＬＥＤ１點(dian)亮，指示斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是由(you)過壓所致。

　   ３．欠壓保護(hu)電路。

  由集(ji)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)Ａ１．４及(ji)三極管(guan)(guan)Ｑ３、Ｑ４等(deng)元件組成。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)偏低(di)并(bing)經(jing)調壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器作最(zui)大限度地調整，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya) 仍低(di)于２２０Ｖ的(de)０．９倍時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較器Ａ１．４的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan){14}腳由低(di)變高，經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ２０和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器Ｃ４充電(dian)(dian)(dian) 回路(lu)(lu)作短時間延(yan)時后，三極管(guan)(guan)Ｑ３飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)，Ｑ４截止，Ｑ４集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)經(jing)二極管(guan)(guan)Ｄ３使Ｑ５飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)導通(tong)，最(zui)終導 致(zhi)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器Ｊ３釋放，電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦穩壓(ya)(ya)器輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)。欠壓(ya)(ya)時發光(guang)管(guan)(guan)ＬＥＤ３點(dian)亮，指(zhi)示當前處于欠壓(ya)(ya)狀態。如果用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設 備允許欠壓(ya)(ya)運行的(de)話，可去(qu)掉二極管(guan)(guan)Ｄ３，這樣(yang)欠壓(ya)(ya)時只有發光(guang)管(guan)(guan)指(zhi)示而不斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

　   ４．取樣電(dian)壓(ya)與基(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)壓(ya)。

  調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ｔ有兩個二次(ci)繞組，其(qi)中一(yi)組９Ｖ經(jing)ＤＱ１橋(qiao)式整流(liu)后，再經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ２和(he)(he)(he)Ｒ３分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，取(qu)(qu)Ｒ３上的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)交 流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高低的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。１６Ｖ的(de)(de)(de)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)經(jing)ＤＱ２橋(qiao)式整流(liu)，三端(duan)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)ＬＭ７８１２穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu) 穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)ＤＣ１２Ｖ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)向控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。發光管ＬＥＤ２點亮標志著ＤＣ１２Ｖ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源工(gong)作(zuo)正(zheng)常(chang)。集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路Ａ１是(shi)(shi) 四運放ＨＡ１７３２４，在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里作(zuo)四電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使用。ＤＣ１２Ｖ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)ＲＰ、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ４～Ｒ８分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，共 取(qu)(qu)出(chu)(chu)四個分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)作(zuo)為(wei)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，分(fen)別送(song)往四個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)相應輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ３上的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也同時送(song)往電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 比(bi)(bi)(bi)較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)。取(qu)(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律是(shi)(shi)：檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)高于額定(ding) 值(zhi)２２０Ｖ，其(qi)正(zheng)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)接(jie)(jie)取(qu)(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，負輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)接(jie)(jie)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，例(li)如Ａ１．１和(he)(he)(he)Ａ１．２；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)低于額定(ding)值(zhi)２２０Ｖ，接(jie)(jie)法與(yu)上相反，例(li)如Ａ１．３和(he)(he)(he)Ａ１．４。認識這(zhe)(zhe)種規(gui)律對(dui)讀懂許多(duo)品(pin)牌交流(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) 器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路原(yuan)理(li)圖都(dou)有參考(kao)意義，但這(zhe)(zhe)種接(jie)(jie)入(ru)(ru)規(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)是(shi)(shi)：檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果為(wei)“是(shi)(shi)”時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)為(wei)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平 ，這(zhe)(zhe)恰好是(shi)(shi)相關(guan)功(gong)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)。

　   ５． 開機延時送電控制

     這(zhe)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路Ａ２及其外(wai)圍元(yuan)件組成(cheng)(cheng)。Ａ２是(shi)型號為(wei)ＨＡ１７３５８的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙運放，此 處將(jiang)運放改作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)較器(qi)(qi)使用。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)比(bi)較器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反相輸(shu)入端(duan){2}腳(jiao)接有(you)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ２７和(he)Ｒ２９分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya) ，同相輸(shu)入端(duan){3}腳(jiao)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ２５和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)Ｃ７組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路。剛通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)Ｑ５截止，Ｃ７從０開(kai)(kai)始充(chong)(chong) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在Ｃ７上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到{2}腳(jiao)基(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)之前(qian)，Ａ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan){1}腳(jiao)為(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平；當Ｃ７上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到或超過{2} 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，{1}腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)變高，三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)Ｑ６導通(tong)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)Ｊ３吸合，其常(chang)開(kai)(kai)接點閉合，調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)２２０Ｖ電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya) 經(jing)(jing)Ｊ３接點送(song)往電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)，至(zhi)此，開(kai)(kai)機延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)結束。這(zhe)個過程(cheng)大約需(xu)要５分鐘(zhong)。開(kai)(kai)機延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要是(shi)為(wei) 了保護空調(diao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱等設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全(quan)，若(ruo)無此需(xu)求，可(ke)按(an)下快啟自鎖(suo)按(an)鈕ＡＮ，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)機延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)將(jiang)縮短為(wei)２ ～３秒鐘(zhong)，這(zhe)是(shi)因為(wei)由(you)阻值僅１０ｋΩ的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻Ｒ２６向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)Ｃ７充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)常(chang)數已(yi)明顯減小。開(kai)(kai)機延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期 間(jian)發光管(guan)ＬＥＤ４點亮，指示(shi)當前(qian)工作狀態。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作期間(jian)若(ruo)遇停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)Ｃ７會(hui)經(jing)(jing)二極(ji)(ji)管(guan)Ｄ２迅 速放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保證即便短時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后又(you)恢復送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，Ｃ７也重新從０開(kai)(kai)始充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端(duan)須再經(jing)(jing)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)才能 往外(wai)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而保證用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。

　   ６．電壓偏低需要升壓。

     若因輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降低(di)等原因引起輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于２２０Ｖ，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較器Ａ １．３的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)端{8}腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)變高，之后三極(ji)(ji)管Ｑ２導通(tong)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器Ｊ２吸合(he)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機Ｍ得電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，但這時(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機繞(rao) 組上的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)極(ji)(ji)性(xing)與上次相(xiang)反(fan)，其回(hui)(hui)路是：ＤＣ１２Ｖ→繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器Ｊ２常開接點→限(xian)(xian)位(wei)開關ＸＫ２→電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機Ｍ→ＸＫ １→Ｊ１常閉接點→地，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機反(fan)向(xiang)旋轉(zhuan)，直至輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)回(hui)(hui)升到２２０Ｖ為止。　　限(xian)(xian)位(wei)開關ＸＫ１和ＸＫ２安 裝在調壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器上碳刷允許旋轉(zhuan)范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)極(ji)(ji)限(xian)(xian)端位(wei)置，若因輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)偏高或(huo)偏低(di)較多(duo)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機拖動(dong)(dong)碳刷轉(zhuan)至極(ji)(ji)限(xian)(xian)位(wei) 置仍不能使輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)回(hui)(hui)到２２０Ｖ，碳刷架將觸及(ji)限(xian)(xian)位(wei)開關，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機斷電(dian)(dian)停轉(zhuan)，以免電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機過載損壞。　

     穩壓器的(de)(de)使(shi)用可以減小電(dian)腦的(de)(de)損害，從而(er)保護電(dian)腦。